FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU AMAN PEKERJA: STUDI PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG PERGURUAN TINGGI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35450/jip.v13i01.765Kata Kunci:
institusi pendidikan tinggi, konstruksi bangunan, keselamatan kerja, pekerja konstruksi, perilaku keselamatanAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku aman pekerja konstruksi pada pembangunan gedung perguruan tinggi di Jambi. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional digunakan, melibatkan 54 pekerja dengan metode total sampling. Variabel independen meliputi pengetahuan, motivasi, dan peran manajemen, sementara variabel dependen adalah perilaku aman yang diukur melalui dimensi safety compliance dan safety participation. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan (p=0,001), motivasi (p=0,015), dan peran manajemen (p=0,004) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku aman pekerja. Responden dengan tingkat pengetahuan, motivasi, dan dukungan manajemen yang baik memiliki kecenderungan perilaku aman lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pelatihan berkelanjutan, insentif motivasi, dan dukungan manajemen terhadap budaya keselamatan kerja efektif mengurangi risiko kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada literatur keselamatan kerja dan memberikan panduan praktis bagi kontraktor untuk meningkatkan implementasi Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Konstruksi pada proyek pendidikan di Jambi.
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Referensi
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Arifin, K., Ahmad, M. A., Abas, A., & Mansor Ali, M. X. (2023). Systematic literature review: Characteristics of confined space hazards in the construction sector. Results in Engineering, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101188
Bafadhal, W. D., Hapis, A. A., & Kurniawati, E. (2022). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Aman Pekerja Sawmill Kelurahan Pasir Panjang Kota Jambi Tahun 2022. Jurnal Dunia Kesmas, 11(3), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.33024/jdk.v11i3.8207
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Capacci, L., Biondini, F., & Frangopol, D. M. (2022). Resilience of aging structures and infrastructure systems with emphasis on seismic resilience of bridges and road networks: Review. Resilient Cities and Structures, 1(2), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2022.05.001
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Corrigan, S., Kay, A., Ryan, M., Ward, M. E., & Brazil, B. (2019). Human factors and safety culture: Challenges and opportunities for the port environment. Safety Science, 119(1), 252–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.03.008
Curcuruto, M., Parker, S. K., & Griffin, M. A. (2019). Proactivity towards workplace safety improvement: an investigation of its motivational drivers and organizational outcomes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(2), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2019.1572115
Deswanti, A. I., Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., & Purwanto, A. (2023). Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan dan Pengalaman Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan: Narrative Literature Review. Journal of Information Systems and Management (JISMA), 2(3), 34–40. https://jisma.org/index.php/jisma/article/view/323
Haryanti, D. Y. (2020). Analisis Perilaku Aman pada Pekerja Penambangan Batu Piring dengan Pendekatan Behavior – Based Safety (BBS). The Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 12(1), 40–50.
Hu, X., Yan, H., Casey, T., & Wu, C. H. (2021). Creating a safe haven during the crisis: How organizations can achieve deep compliance with COVID-19 safety measures in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102662
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Khalid, U., Sagoo, A., & Benachir, M. (2021). Safety Management System (SMS) framework development – Mitigating the critical safety factors affecting Health and Safety performance in construction projects. Safety Science, 143(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105402
Kim, N. K., Rahim, N. F. A., Iranmanesh, M., & Foroughi, B. (2019). The role of the safety climate in the successful implementation of safety management systems. Safety Science, 118(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.008
Larasatie, A., Fauziah, M., Dihartawan, D., Herdiansyah, D., & Ernyasih, E. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Tindakan Tidak Aman (Unsafe Action) Pada Pekerja Produksi Pt. X. Environmental Occupational Health and Safety Journal, 2(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.24853/eohjs.2.2.133-146
Loosemore, M., & Malouf, N. (2019). Safety training and positive safety attitude formation in the Australian construction industry. Safety Science, 113(1), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.11.029
Mahawati, E., Fitriyatinur, Q., Yanti, C. A., Rahayu, P. P., Aprilliani, C., Chaerul, M., Hartini, E., Sari, M., Marzuki, I., Sitorus, E., Jamaludin, & Susilawaty, A. (2021). Keselamatan Kerja dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Industri. In Yayasan Kita Menulis. Yayasan Kita Menulis. https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/19809/1/2021_Book Chapter_Keselamatan Kerja dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Industri.pdf
Nurdin, I., & Hartati, S. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial. Media sahabat Cendikia.
Pheng, L. S., & Hou, L. S. (2019). The Economy and the Construction Industry. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0_2
Phillips, Z. (2023). Construction had the most fatalities of any industry last year. Www.Constructiondive.Com. https://www.constructiondive.com/news/construction-fatalities-2023-bls-falls-safety/702974/
Putri, D. N., & Lestari, F. (2023). Analisis penyebab kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja di proyek konstruksi : Literatur review. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7(1), 451–452. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/prepotif/article/view/13281/10525
Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., & Qureshi, S. S. (2021). Work Stress Hampering Employee Performance During COVID-19: Is Safety Culture Needed? Frontiers in Psychology, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655839
Setiono, B. A., & Andjarwati, T. (2019). Budaya Keselamatan, Kepemimpinan Keselamatan, Pelatihan Keselamatan, Iklim Keselamatan dan Kinerja. Zifana Jawara.
Silva, S. L. C. da, & Amaral, F. G. (2019). Critical factors of success and barriers to the implementation of occupational health and safety management systems: A systematic review of literature. Safety Science, 117(1), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.03.026
Simorangkir, W. (2022). Analisa dan evaluasi perkembangan pembangunan infrastruktur serta pertumbuhan ekonomi. Price, 01(01), 29–35. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/jecoa/article/view/3595/2838
Siyoto, S., & Sodik, A. (2015). Dasar Metodologi Penelitian. Literasi Media.
Sorensen, G., Dennerlein, J. T., Peters, S. E., Sabbath, E. L., Kelly, E. L., & Wagner, G. R. (2021). The future of research on work, safety, health and wellbeing: A guiding conceptual framework. Social Science and Medicine, 269(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113593
Tamene, A., Habte, A., Endale, F., & Gizachew, A. (2022). A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Unsafe Work Behaviors Among Environmental Service Workers: Perspectives of Workers, and Safety Managers: The Case of Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Environmental Health Insights, 16(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302221109357
Vignoli, M., Nielsen, K., Guglielmi, D., Mariani, M. G., Patras, L., & Peirò, J. M. (2021). Design of a safety training package for migrant workers in the construction industry. Safety Science, 136(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105124
Wang, Y., Cui, J., Zhang, Y., & Geng, X. (2024). Study and Action Plan on the Key Factors Influencing Unsafe Behaviors by Construction Workers. Buildings, 14(7), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071973
Wong, T. K. M., Man, S. S., & Chan, A. H. S. (2020). Critical factors for the use or non-use of personal protective equipment amongst construction workers. Safety Science, 126(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104663
Xia, N., Xie, Q., Griffin, M. A., Ye, G., & Yuan, J. (2020). Antecedents of safety behavior in construction: A literature review and an integrated conceptual framework. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 148(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105834
Yang, X., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Cao, L., & Tong, R. (2021). Exploring the relationships between safety compliance, safety participation and safety outcomes: Considering the moderating role of job burnout. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084223
Yiu, N. S. N., Chan, D. W. M., Sze, N. N., Shan, M., & Chan, A. P. C. (2019). Implementation of safety management system for improving construction safety performance: A Structural Equation Modelling approach. Buildings, 9(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040089
Zahoor, H., Chan, A. P. C., Gao, R., & Utama, W. P. (2017). The factors contributing to construction accidents in Pakistan: Their prioritization using the Delphi technique. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(3), 463–485. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2016-0027
Zarei, E., Khan, F., & Abbassi, R. (2021). Importance of human reliability in process operation: A critical analysis. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 211(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107607
Zhang, J., Xie, C., Wang, J., Morrison, A. M., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2020). Responding to a major global crisis: the effects of hotel safety leadership on employee safety behavior during COVID-19. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(11), 3365–3389. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2020-0335
Zhang, P., Li, N., Jiang, Z., Fang, D., & Anumba, C. J. (2019). An agent-based modeling approach for understanding the effect of worker-management interactions on construction workers’ safety-related behaviors. Automation in Construction, 97(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.10.015
Anggraini, W., Widayaningsih, N., Istiqomah, I., & Purnomo, S. (2021). Pengaruh Infrastruktur Fisik Terhadap Output Sektor Industri Pengolahan di Indonesia. Equilibrium, 10(1), 79–85. https://journal.stiem.ac.id/index.php/jureq/article/view/680/434
Arifin, K., Ahmad, M. A., Abas, A., & Mansor Ali, M. X. (2023). Systematic literature review: Characteristics of confined space hazards in the construction sector. Results in Engineering, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101188
Bafadhal, W. D., Hapis, A. A., & Kurniawati, E. (2022). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Aman Pekerja Sawmill Kelurahan Pasir Panjang Kota Jambi Tahun 2022. Jurnal Dunia Kesmas, 11(3), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.33024/jdk.v11i3.8207
Bayati, A. J. Al. (2021). Impact of construction safety culture and construction safety climate on safety behavior and safety motivation. Safety, 7(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/SAFETY7020041
Boadu, E. F., Wang, C. C., & Sunindijo, R. Y. (2020). Characteristics of the construction industry in developing countries and its implications for health and safety: An exploratory study in ghana. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114110
Capacci, L., Biondini, F., & Frangopol, D. M. (2022). Resilience of aging structures and infrastructure systems with emphasis on seismic resilience of bridges and road networks: Review. Resilient Cities and Structures, 1(2), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2022.05.001
Carlo, N., & Rita, E. (2022). K3 untuk Manajemen Konstruksi (Vol. 16, Issue 1). K-Media Publishing.
Chen, W. T., Tsai, I. C., Merrett, H. C., Lu, S. T., Lee, Y. I., You, J. K., & Mortis, L. (2020). Construction safety success factors: A Taiwanese case study. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(16), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12166326
Corrigan, S., Kay, A., Ryan, M., Ward, M. E., & Brazil, B. (2019). Human factors and safety culture: Challenges and opportunities for the port environment. Safety Science, 119(1), 252–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.03.008
Curcuruto, M., Parker, S. K., & Griffin, M. A. (2019). Proactivity towards workplace safety improvement: an investigation of its motivational drivers and organizational outcomes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(2), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2019.1572115
Deswanti, A. I., Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., & Purwanto, A. (2023). Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan dan Pengalaman Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan: Narrative Literature Review. Journal of Information Systems and Management (JISMA), 2(3), 34–40. https://jisma.org/index.php/jisma/article/view/323
Haryanti, D. Y. (2020). Analisis Perilaku Aman pada Pekerja Penambangan Batu Piring dengan Pendekatan Behavior – Based Safety (BBS). The Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 12(1), 40–50.
Hu, X., Yan, H., Casey, T., & Wu, C. H. (2021). Creating a safe haven during the crisis: How organizations can achieve deep compliance with COVID-19 safety measures in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102662
Kemnaker RI. (2023). Kecelakaan Kerja Tahun 2023. Satudata.Kemnaker.Go.Id. https://satudata.kemnaker.go.id/data/kumpulan-data/1728
Khalid, U., Sagoo, A., & Benachir, M. (2021). Safety Management System (SMS) framework development – Mitigating the critical safety factors affecting Health and Safety performance in construction projects. Safety Science, 143(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105402
Kim, N. K., Rahim, N. F. A., Iranmanesh, M., & Foroughi, B. (2019). The role of the safety climate in the successful implementation of safety management systems. Safety Science, 118(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.008
Larasatie, A., Fauziah, M., Dihartawan, D., Herdiansyah, D., & Ernyasih, E. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Tindakan Tidak Aman (Unsafe Action) Pada Pekerja Produksi Pt. X. Environmental Occupational Health and Safety Journal, 2(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.24853/eohjs.2.2.133-146
Loosemore, M., & Malouf, N. (2019). Safety training and positive safety attitude formation in the Australian construction industry. Safety Science, 113(1), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.11.029
Mahawati, E., Fitriyatinur, Q., Yanti, C. A., Rahayu, P. P., Aprilliani, C., Chaerul, M., Hartini, E., Sari, M., Marzuki, I., Sitorus, E., Jamaludin, & Susilawaty, A. (2021). Keselamatan Kerja dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Industri. In Yayasan Kita Menulis. Yayasan Kita Menulis. https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/19809/1/2021_Book Chapter_Keselamatan Kerja dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Industri.pdf
Nurdin, I., & Hartati, S. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial. Media sahabat Cendikia.
Pheng, L. S., & Hou, L. S. (2019). The Economy and the Construction Industry. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0_2
Phillips, Z. (2023). Construction had the most fatalities of any industry last year. Www.Constructiondive.Com. https://www.constructiondive.com/news/construction-fatalities-2023-bls-falls-safety/702974/
Putri, D. N., & Lestari, F. (2023). Analisis penyebab kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja di proyek konstruksi : Literatur review. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7(1), 451–452. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/prepotif/article/view/13281/10525
Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., & Qureshi, S. S. (2021). Work Stress Hampering Employee Performance During COVID-19: Is Safety Culture Needed? Frontiers in Psychology, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655839
Setiono, B. A., & Andjarwati, T. (2019). Budaya Keselamatan, Kepemimpinan Keselamatan, Pelatihan Keselamatan, Iklim Keselamatan dan Kinerja. Zifana Jawara.
Silva, S. L. C. da, & Amaral, F. G. (2019). Critical factors of success and barriers to the implementation of occupational health and safety management systems: A systematic review of literature. Safety Science, 117(1), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.03.026
Simorangkir, W. (2022). Analisa dan evaluasi perkembangan pembangunan infrastruktur serta pertumbuhan ekonomi. Price, 01(01), 29–35. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/jecoa/article/view/3595/2838
Siyoto, S., & Sodik, A. (2015). Dasar Metodologi Penelitian. Literasi Media.
Sorensen, G., Dennerlein, J. T., Peters, S. E., Sabbath, E. L., Kelly, E. L., & Wagner, G. R. (2021). The future of research on work, safety, health and wellbeing: A guiding conceptual framework. Social Science and Medicine, 269(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113593
Tamene, A., Habte, A., Endale, F., & Gizachew, A. (2022). A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Unsafe Work Behaviors Among Environmental Service Workers: Perspectives of Workers, and Safety Managers: The Case of Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Environmental Health Insights, 16(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302221109357
Vignoli, M., Nielsen, K., Guglielmi, D., Mariani, M. G., Patras, L., & Peirò, J. M. (2021). Design of a safety training package for migrant workers in the construction industry. Safety Science, 136(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105124
Wang, Y., Cui, J., Zhang, Y., & Geng, X. (2024). Study and Action Plan on the Key Factors Influencing Unsafe Behaviors by Construction Workers. Buildings, 14(7), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071973
Wong, T. K. M., Man, S. S., & Chan, A. H. S. (2020). Critical factors for the use or non-use of personal protective equipment amongst construction workers. Safety Science, 126(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104663
Xia, N., Xie, Q., Griffin, M. A., Ye, G., & Yuan, J. (2020). Antecedents of safety behavior in construction: A literature review and an integrated conceptual framework. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 148(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105834
Yang, X., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Cao, L., & Tong, R. (2021). Exploring the relationships between safety compliance, safety participation and safety outcomes: Considering the moderating role of job burnout. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084223
Yiu, N. S. N., Chan, D. W. M., Sze, N. N., Shan, M., & Chan, A. P. C. (2019). Implementation of safety management system for improving construction safety performance: A Structural Equation Modelling approach. Buildings, 9(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040089
Zahoor, H., Chan, A. P. C., Gao, R., & Utama, W. P. (2017). The factors contributing to construction accidents in Pakistan: Their prioritization using the Delphi technique. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(3), 463–485. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2016-0027
Zarei, E., Khan, F., & Abbassi, R. (2021). Importance of human reliability in process operation: A critical analysis. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 211(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107607
Zhang, J., Xie, C., Wang, J., Morrison, A. M., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2020). Responding to a major global crisis: the effects of hotel safety leadership on employee safety behavior during COVID-19. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(11), 3365–3389. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2020-0335
Zhang, P., Li, N., Jiang, Z., Fang, D., & Anumba, C. J. (2019). An agent-based modeling approach for understanding the effect of worker-management interactions on construction workers’ safety-related behaviors. Automation in Construction, 97(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.10.015
Diterbitkan
2025-04-09
Cara Mengutip
Sri Maryati, Nasfryzal Carlo, Wahyudi P Utama, Rini Mulyani, & Zuherna Mizwar. (2025). FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU AMAN PEKERJA: STUDI PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG PERGURUAN TINGGI. Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan, 13(01). https://doi.org/10.35450/jip.v13i01.765
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