STUDI POTENSI ASAM LEMAK VOLATIL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN FERMENTASI ANAEROB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35450/jip.v11i01.342Kata Kunci:
VFA, Stoikiometri Reaksi, dan TKKSAbstrak
Minyak sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan, dan Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Limbah padat yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas industri kelapa sawit adalah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Kandungan selulosa di dalam TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai substrat peruraian anaerob untuk menghasilkan volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Pada penelitian ini digunakan pengolahan awal secara kimia (NaOH 8% w/V) untuk delignifikasi TKKS sebelum diproses dalam fermentasi anaerob. Digested cow manure (DCM) digunakan sebagai inokulum. Pengoptimalan proses untuk menghasilkan VFAs merupakan tantangan karena VFAs merupakan produk intermediet di jalur metabolik peruraian anaerob menuju pembentukan metana. Penelitian ini mengkaji potensi VFAs dari TKKS dengan menvariasikan suhu terhadap proses fermentasi anaerobik TKKS untuk memproduksi VFAs di reaktor batch. Variasi suhu yang dikaji adalah kondisi mesofilik (29 ℃) dan termofilik (55 ℃). Prediksi potensi VFA dapat dihitung dengan rumus molekul empiris dengan pendekatan stoikiometri reaksi. Hasil perhitungan, potensi VFA dari TKKS adalah sebesar 44,5x10-2 mg.mgTS-1. Eksperimen menujukkan kondisi termofilik menghasilkan VFAs 60% lebih tinggi dibandingkan mesofilik, terlihat dari percent completion RT mencapai 59% dan lebih mendekati potensi teoritis.
Unduhan
Data unduhan belum tersedia.
Referensi
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Ajayi-Banji, A. and Rahman, S. (2022) ‘A review of process parameters influence in solid-state anaerobic digestion: Focus on performance stability thresholds’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167(June), p. 112756. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112756.
APHA-AWWA-WEF (2017) ‘Standard Methods’, in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences: Second Edition. 23rd ed. Washington, DC, pp. 522–527. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-382165-2.00237-3.
Atasoy, M. et al. (2019) ‘Volatile fatty acids production via mixed culture fermentation: Revealing the link between pH, inoculum type and bacterial composition’, Bioresource Technology, 292(July), p. 121889. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121889.
Babel, S., Fukushi, K. and Sitanrassamee, B. (2004) ‘Effect of acid speciation on solid waste liquefaction in an anaerobic acid digester’, Water Research, 38(9), pp. 2417–2423. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.02.005.
Bermúdez-Penabad, N., Kennes, C. and Veiga, M. C. (2017) ‘Anaerobic digestion of tuna waste for the production of volatile fatty acids’, Waste Management, 68, pp. 96–102. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.010.
BPS (2022) Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia, Available Online. (n.d.). Badan Pusat Statistik (bps.go.id) (accessed August 14, 2022). Available at: Badan Pusat Statistik (bps.go.id) (Accessed: 14 August 2022).
Chang, S. H. (2014) ‘An overview of empty fruit bunch from oil palm as feedstock for bio-oil production’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 62, pp. 174–181. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.002.
Chiew, Y. L. and Shimada, S. (2013) ‘Current state and environmental impact assessment for utilizing oil palm empty fruit bunches for fuel, fiber and fertilizer - A case study of Malaysia’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 51, pp. 109–124. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.01.012.
Cho, H. U. et al. (2015) ‘Influence of temperature on volatile fatty acid production and microbial community structure during anaerobic fermentation of microalgae’, Bioresource Technology, 191, pp. 475–480. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.009.
Christophe, G. et al. (2012) ‘Production of oils from acetic acid by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus’, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 167(5), pp. 1270–1279. doi: 10.1007/s12010-011-9507-5.
Eryildiz, B., Lukitawesa and Taherzadeh, M. J. (2020) ‘Effect of pH, substrate loading, oxygen, and methanogens inhibitors on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from citrus waste by anaerobic digestion’, Bioresource Technology, 302(January), p. 122800. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122800.
Fang, W. et al. (2022) ‘Enhanced volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge by combined sodium citrate and heat pretreatment’, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(6), p. 108518. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108518.
Feng, S. et al. (2022) ‘Volatile fatty acids production from waste streams by anaerobic digestion: A critical review of the roles and application of enzymes’, Bioresource Technology, 359(June), p. 127420. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127420.
Fu, S. et al. (2022) ‘Micro-aeration: an attractive strategy to facilitate anaerobic digestion’, Trends in Biotechnology, pp. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.008.
Hidaka, T. et al. (2013) ‘Comparative performance of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion for high-solid sewage sludge’, Bioresource Technology, 149, pp. 177–183. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.033.
Hidaka, T. et al. (2022) ‘Comparative anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge at different temperatures with and without heat pre-treatment’, Chemosphere, 307(P3), p. 135808. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135808.
Li, Z. et al. (2018) ‘Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste for hydrogen and VFA production with microbial community analysis’, Waste Management, 78, pp. 789–799. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.046.
Liang, T. et al. (2021) ‘Anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge for volatile fatty acid production: Recent updates of pretreatment methods and the potential effect of humic and nutrients substances’, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 145, pp. 321–339. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.08.010.
Loke, A. T. T., Dzulkafly, N. S. and A. Rashid, A. (2022) ‘Oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose fillers as alternative fillers for carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber latex films’, Materials Today: Proceedings, 66, pp. 3092–3096. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.08.009.
Mondylaksita, K. et al. (2021) ‘Enhanced volatile fatty acid production from oil palm empty fruit bunch through acidogenic fermentation—A novel resource recovery strategy for oil palm empty fruit bunch’, Fermentation, 7(4). doi: 10.3390/fermentation7040263.
Nayak, B. K., Pandit, S. and Das, D. (2013) ‘Biohydrogen’, in. Air Pollution Prevention and Control: Bioreactors and Bioenergy. J. Wiley Sons, Chichester, pp. 341–381. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118523360.ch15.
Nieves, D. C., Karimi, K. and Horváth, I. S. (2011) ‘Improvement of biogas production from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB)’, Industrial Crops and Products, 34(1), pp. 1097–1101. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.022.
Perera, U. P. et al. (2022) ‘Synthesis and characterization of lignin nanoparticles isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in biocomposites . Valorisation of industrial biomass wastes , such as oil palm empty fruit bunch ( EFB )’, Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action, p. 100011. doi: 10.1016/j.scca.2022.100011.
Possente, S. et al. (2022) ‘Volatile fatty acids production from waste rich in carbohydrates: optimization of dark fermentation of pasta by products’, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 189(September), p. 108710. doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108710.
Purwandari, F. A. et al. (2013) ‘Pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) for biogas production: Structural changes and digestion improvement’, Bioresource Technology, 128, pp. 461–466. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.088.
Rasit, N. et al. (2015) ‘Effects of lipid inhibition on biogas production of anaerobic digestion from oily effluents and sludges: An overview’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, pp. 351–358. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.066.
Rigolot, C. et al. (2010) ‘Modelling of manure production by pigs and NH3, N2O and CH4 emissions. Part II: Effect of animal housing, manure storage and treatment practices’, Animal, 4(8), pp. 1413–1424. doi: 10.1017/S1751731110000509.
Saravanan, A. et al. (2023) ‘Strategies for enhancing the efficacy of anaerobic digestion of food industry wastewater: An insight into bioreactor types, challenges, and future scope’, Chemosphere, 310(September 2022), p. 136856. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136856.
Savarese, M. et al. (2022) ‘Determinants of palm oil consumption in food products: A systematic review’, Journal of Functional Foods, 96(May), p. 105207. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105207.
Sreekala, M. S., Kumaran, M. G. and Thomas, S. (1997) ‘Oil palm fibers: Morphology, chemical composition, surface modification, and mechanical properties’, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 66(5), pp. 821–835. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19971031)66:5<821::aid-app2>3.0.co;2-x.
Strazzera, G. et al. (2021) ‘Influence of different household Food Wastes Fractions on Volatile Fatty Acids production by anaerobic fermentation’, Bioresource Technology, 335(April), p. 125289. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125289.
Suhartini, S. et al. (2022) ‘Biorefining of oil palm empty fruit bunches for bioethanol and xylitol production in Indonesia: A review’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154(October 2021), p. 111817. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111817.
Sulaiman, N. S. et al. (2022) ‘Balancing functional and health benefits of food products formulated with palm oil as oil sources’, Heliyon, 8(10), p. e11041. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11041.
Wang, K. et al. (2014) ‘Anaerobic digestion of food waste for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production with different types of inoculum: Effect of pH’, Bioresource Technology, 161, pp. 395–401. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.088.
Zhang, Q. et al. (2020) ‘Effect of different vegetable wastes on the performance of volatile fatty acids production by anaerobic fermentation’, Science of the Total Environment, 748. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142390.
Achinas, S. and Euverink, G. J. W. (2016) ‘Theoretical analysis of biogas potential prediction from agricultural waste’, Resource-Efficient Technologies, 2(3), pp. 143–147. doi: 10.1016/j.reffit.2016.08.001.
Ajayi-Banji, A. and Rahman, S. (2022) ‘A review of process parameters influence in solid-state anaerobic digestion: Focus on performance stability thresholds’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167(June), p. 112756. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112756.
APHA-AWWA-WEF (2017) ‘Standard Methods’, in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences: Second Edition. 23rd ed. Washington, DC, pp. 522–527. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-382165-2.00237-3.
Atasoy, M. et al. (2019) ‘Volatile fatty acids production via mixed culture fermentation: Revealing the link between pH, inoculum type and bacterial composition’, Bioresource Technology, 292(July), p. 121889. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121889.
Babel, S., Fukushi, K. and Sitanrassamee, B. (2004) ‘Effect of acid speciation on solid waste liquefaction in an anaerobic acid digester’, Water Research, 38(9), pp. 2417–2423. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.02.005.
Bermúdez-Penabad, N., Kennes, C. and Veiga, M. C. (2017) ‘Anaerobic digestion of tuna waste for the production of volatile fatty acids’, Waste Management, 68, pp. 96–102. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.010.
BPS (2022) Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia, Available Online. (n.d.). Badan Pusat Statistik (bps.go.id) (accessed August 14, 2022). Available at: Badan Pusat Statistik (bps.go.id) (Accessed: 14 August 2022).
Chang, S. H. (2014) ‘An overview of empty fruit bunch from oil palm as feedstock for bio-oil production’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 62, pp. 174–181. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.002.
Chiew, Y. L. and Shimada, S. (2013) ‘Current state and environmental impact assessment for utilizing oil palm empty fruit bunches for fuel, fiber and fertilizer - A case study of Malaysia’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 51, pp. 109–124. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.01.012.
Cho, H. U. et al. (2015) ‘Influence of temperature on volatile fatty acid production and microbial community structure during anaerobic fermentation of microalgae’, Bioresource Technology, 191, pp. 475–480. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.009.
Christophe, G. et al. (2012) ‘Production of oils from acetic acid by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus’, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 167(5), pp. 1270–1279. doi: 10.1007/s12010-011-9507-5.
Eryildiz, B., Lukitawesa and Taherzadeh, M. J. (2020) ‘Effect of pH, substrate loading, oxygen, and methanogens inhibitors on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from citrus waste by anaerobic digestion’, Bioresource Technology, 302(January), p. 122800. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122800.
Fang, W. et al. (2022) ‘Enhanced volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge by combined sodium citrate and heat pretreatment’, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(6), p. 108518. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108518.
Feng, S. et al. (2022) ‘Volatile fatty acids production from waste streams by anaerobic digestion: A critical review of the roles and application of enzymes’, Bioresource Technology, 359(June), p. 127420. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127420.
Fu, S. et al. (2022) ‘Micro-aeration: an attractive strategy to facilitate anaerobic digestion’, Trends in Biotechnology, pp. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.008.
Hidaka, T. et al. (2013) ‘Comparative performance of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion for high-solid sewage sludge’, Bioresource Technology, 149, pp. 177–183. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.033.
Hidaka, T. et al. (2022) ‘Comparative anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge at different temperatures with and without heat pre-treatment’, Chemosphere, 307(P3), p. 135808. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135808.
Li, Z. et al. (2018) ‘Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste for hydrogen and VFA production with microbial community analysis’, Waste Management, 78, pp. 789–799. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.046.
Liang, T. et al. (2021) ‘Anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge for volatile fatty acid production: Recent updates of pretreatment methods and the potential effect of humic and nutrients substances’, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 145, pp. 321–339. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.08.010.
Loke, A. T. T., Dzulkafly, N. S. and A. Rashid, A. (2022) ‘Oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose fillers as alternative fillers for carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber latex films’, Materials Today: Proceedings, 66, pp. 3092–3096. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.08.009.
Mondylaksita, K. et al. (2021) ‘Enhanced volatile fatty acid production from oil palm empty fruit bunch through acidogenic fermentation—A novel resource recovery strategy for oil palm empty fruit bunch’, Fermentation, 7(4). doi: 10.3390/fermentation7040263.
Nayak, B. K., Pandit, S. and Das, D. (2013) ‘Biohydrogen’, in. Air Pollution Prevention and Control: Bioreactors and Bioenergy. J. Wiley Sons, Chichester, pp. 341–381. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118523360.ch15.
Nieves, D. C., Karimi, K. and Horváth, I. S. (2011) ‘Improvement of biogas production from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB)’, Industrial Crops and Products, 34(1), pp. 1097–1101. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.022.
Perera, U. P. et al. (2022) ‘Synthesis and characterization of lignin nanoparticles isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in biocomposites . Valorisation of industrial biomass wastes , such as oil palm empty fruit bunch ( EFB )’, Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action, p. 100011. doi: 10.1016/j.scca.2022.100011.
Possente, S. et al. (2022) ‘Volatile fatty acids production from waste rich in carbohydrates: optimization of dark fermentation of pasta by products’, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 189(September), p. 108710. doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108710.
Purwandari, F. A. et al. (2013) ‘Pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) for biogas production: Structural changes and digestion improvement’, Bioresource Technology, 128, pp. 461–466. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.088.
Rasit, N. et al. (2015) ‘Effects of lipid inhibition on biogas production of anaerobic digestion from oily effluents and sludges: An overview’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, pp. 351–358. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.066.
Rigolot, C. et al. (2010) ‘Modelling of manure production by pigs and NH3, N2O and CH4 emissions. Part II: Effect of animal housing, manure storage and treatment practices’, Animal, 4(8), pp. 1413–1424. doi: 10.1017/S1751731110000509.
Saravanan, A. et al. (2023) ‘Strategies for enhancing the efficacy of anaerobic digestion of food industry wastewater: An insight into bioreactor types, challenges, and future scope’, Chemosphere, 310(September 2022), p. 136856. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136856.
Savarese, M. et al. (2022) ‘Determinants of palm oil consumption in food products: A systematic review’, Journal of Functional Foods, 96(May), p. 105207. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105207.
Sreekala, M. S., Kumaran, M. G. and Thomas, S. (1997) ‘Oil palm fibers: Morphology, chemical composition, surface modification, and mechanical properties’, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 66(5), pp. 821–835. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19971031)66:5<821::aid-app2>3.0.co;2-x.
Strazzera, G. et al. (2021) ‘Influence of different household Food Wastes Fractions on Volatile Fatty Acids production by anaerobic fermentation’, Bioresource Technology, 335(April), p. 125289. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125289.
Suhartini, S. et al. (2022) ‘Biorefining of oil palm empty fruit bunches for bioethanol and xylitol production in Indonesia: A review’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154(October 2021), p. 111817. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111817.
Sulaiman, N. S. et al. (2022) ‘Balancing functional and health benefits of food products formulated with palm oil as oil sources’, Heliyon, 8(10), p. e11041. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11041.
Wang, K. et al. (2014) ‘Anaerobic digestion of food waste for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production with different types of inoculum: Effect of pH’, Bioresource Technology, 161, pp. 395–401. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.088.
Zhang, Q. et al. (2020) ‘Effect of different vegetable wastes on the performance of volatile fatty acids production by anaerobic fermentation’, Science of the Total Environment, 748. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142390.
Diterbitkan
2023-04-05
Cara Mengutip
Sanjaya, A. (2023). STUDI POTENSI ASAM LEMAK VOLATIL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN FERMENTASI ANAEROB. Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan, 11(01), 45. https://doi.org/10.35450/jip.v11i01.342
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